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Corda que combina no Perl

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As caracter�sticas as mais �teis do Perl entre muitos s�o suas fun��es poderosas da manipula��o de corda. No cora��o disto vem a express�o regular (RE) que � compartilhada entre muitas outras utilidades no UNIX.


As express�es regulares

Uma express�o regular � contida sempre inbetween slashes, e combinar ocorre com o operador do �=~�. A seguinte express�o � verdadeira somente se a corda aparece no $sntnce vari�vel.

$sntnce =~ /the/
The RE is case sensitive, so if

$sntnce = "The quick brown fox";
then the above match will be false. The operator !~ is used for
spotting a non-match. In the above example

$sntnce !~ /the/
is true because the string the does not appear in $sentence.


N�s podemos empregar um condicional para a corda que combina como segue

if ($sntnce =~ /under/)
{
print "We're talking about VYOM\n";
}
which would print out a message if we had either of the following

$sntnce = "Up and under";
$sntnce = "Best winkles in Sunderland";

Mas � muito mais f�cil se n�s atribuirmos o sntnce � vari�vel especial $ _ que � uma entidade escalar. Se n�s seguirmos este ent�o n�s podemos evitar de empregar o f�sforo e os operadores do non-f�sforo e o c�digo acima podem simplesmente ser escritos como.

if (/under/)
{
print "We're talking about VYOM\n";
}

The variable $_ is default for many Perl operations and tends to
be used very heavily.


Mais sobre o REs

H� muitos car�teres especiais em um RE, e � estes que lhe d�o o poder e as fazem tamb�m lhe o olhar muito complicado. � melhor construir lentamente seu uso do REs; sua lata da cria��o algo seja de um formul�rio de arte. Est�o aqui alguns dos car�teres especiais RE junto com seu meaning

. # Any single character except a newline
^ # The beginning of the line or string
$ # The end of the line or string
* # Zero or more of the last character
+ # One or more of the last character
? # Zero or one of the last character


Est�o aqui alguns dos f�sforos do exemplo. Recordar que deve ser incluido dentro dos slashes de /.../ a ser usados.

t.e # t followed by anthing followed by e
# This will match the
# tre
# tle
# but not te
# tale
^f # f at the beginning of a line
^ftp # ftp at the beginning of a line
e$ # e at the end of a line
tle$ # tle at the end of a line
und* # un followed by zero or more d characters
# This will match un
# und
# undd
# unddd (etc)
* # Any string without a newline. This is because
# the . matches anything except a newline and
# the * means zero or more of these.
^$ # A line with nothing in it.


Para combinar qualquer dos car�teres dentro deles os suportes quadrados s�o usados. Dentro dos suportes quadrados a - representa �entre� e no a^ de come�o significa �n�o�:

[qjk] # Either q or j or k
[^qjk] # Neither q nor j nor k
[a-z] # Anything from a to z inclusive
[^a-z] # No lower case letters
[a-zA-Z]# Any letterv
[a-z]+ # Any non-zero sequence of lower case letters
# spaces: "/0" or "/ 0" or "/ 0" etc.
\ / \ s*0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# whitespace.


�or� � representado pela barra vertical �|� e os par�nteses (...) s�o usados agrupar junto as coisas:

jelly|cream # Either jelly or cream
(eg|le)gs # Either eggs or legs
(da)+ # Either da or dada or dadada or...


Est�o aqui alguns car�teres mais especiais:

\n # A newline
\n # A tab
\w # Any alphanumeric (word) character.
# The same as [a-zA-Z0-9_]
\W # Any non-word character.
# The same as [^a-zA-Z0-9_]
\d # Any digit. The same as [0-9]
\D # Any non-digit. The same as [^0-9]
\s # Any whitespace character: space
# tab, newline, etc
\S # Any non-whitespace character
\b # A word boundary, outside [] only
\B # A word boundary, outside [] only


Claramente car�teres tais como $, |, [,), \,/� e assim por diante todo casos peculiares em express�es regulares. Se voc� quiser combinar o qualquer um ent�o voc� deve preced�-lo por um backslash como mostrado abaixo.

\ | # Vertical bar/td>
\ [ # An open square bracket
\ ) # A closing parenthesis.
\* # An asterisk
\^ # A carat symbol
\ / # A slash
\\ # A backslash


Alguns exemplos RE

� provavelmente o mais melhor construir lentamente acima de seu uso de express�es regulares, como foi mencionado mais cedo. S�o dados abaixo alguns exemplos.

[01] # Either "0" or "1"/td>
\ /0 # A division by zero: "/0"
\ / 0 # A division by zero with a space: "/ 0"
\ / \ s0 # A division by zero with a whitespace:
# "/ 0" where the space may be a tab etc.
\ / *0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# spaces: "/0" or "/ 0" or "/ 0" etc.
\ / \ s*0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# whitespace.
\ / \ s*0 \.0*# As the previous one, but with decimal
# point and maybe some 0s after it. Accepts
# "/0." and "/0.0" and "/0.00" etc and
# "/ 0." and "/ 0.0" and "/ 0.00" etc.





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Keywords:tutorial do Perl, certificados do Perl, Perl que programa, Perl ativo, download do Perl, Perl da amora, express�es regulares do Perl, split do Perl, disposi��o do Perl, p�gina do certificado do Perl


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