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Sintassi di XPath

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Sintassi di XPath

La lingua del percorso di XML usa una notazione dichiarativa piuttosto che procedurale. Ogni espressione sviluppata da questa notazione descrive i tipi di nodi al fiammifero basato sul rapporto gerarchico fra i nodi. Per esempio, autore di espressione �i mezzi/del libro� trovano l'elemento dell'autore contenuto nell'elemento del libro.




Esempio di XML
Un documento di XML � dato sotto.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><bookstore><book>
<title lang="eng">Harry Potter</title>
<price>29.99</price>
</book><book>
<title lang="eng">Learning XML</title>
<price>39.95</price>
</book></bookstore>




Selezione dei nodi

Per selezionare le espressioni del percorso di usi di XPath di nodi. Il nodo � selezionato quanto segue un percorso. Le espressioni del percorso pi� utili sono: -


Expression Description
nodename Selects all child nodes of the node
/ Selects from the root node
// Selects nodes in the document from the current node that match the selection no matter where they are
. Selects the current node
.. Selects the parent of the current node
@ Selects attributes

Esempio
Tabella data sotto abbiamo elencato alcune espressioni del percorso ed il risultato delle espressioni:

Path Expression Result
bookstore Selects all the child nodes of the bookstore element
/bookstore Selects the root element bookstore

Note: If the path starts with a slash ( / ) it always represents an absolute path to an element!

bookstore/book Selects all book elements that are children of bookstore
//book Selects all book elements no matter where they are in the document
bookstore//book Selects all book elements that are descendant of the bookstore element, no matter where they are under the bookstore element
//@lang Selects all attributes that are named lang



Attributi

Gli attributi sono usati per trovare un nodo specifico che contiene un valore. Gli attributi sono inclusi sempre in parentesi.


Esempio

Tabella data sotto abbiamo elencato alcune espressioni del percorso con gli attributi ed il risultato delle espressioni:


Path Expression Result
/bookstore/book[1]

Selects the first book element that is the child of the bookstore element

/bookstore/book[last()]

Selects the last book element that is the child of the bookstore element

/bookstore/book[last()-1]

Selects the last but one book element that is the child of the bookstore element

/bookstore/book[position()<3]

Selects the first two book elements that are children of the bookstore element

//title[@lang]

Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang

//title[@lang='eng']

Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang with a value of 'eng'

/bookstore/book[price>35.00]

Selects all the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00

/bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title

Selects all the title elements of the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00




Come noi che selezioniamo i nodi sconosciuti?
I metacaratteri possono essere usati per selezionare gli elementi sconosciuti di XML.

Wildcard Description
* Matches any element node
@* Matches any attribute node
node() Matches any node of any kind

Esempio
Tabella data sotto abbiamo elencato alcune espressioni del percorso ed il risultato delle espressioni:

Path Expression Result
/bookstore/* Selects all the child nodes of the bookstore element
//* Selects all elements in the document
//title[@*] Selects all title elements which have any attribute




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