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Stringa che corrisponde nel Perl

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Le caratteristiche pi� utili del Perl fra molti � le relative funzioni potenti di manipolazione di stringa. Al cuore di questo viene l'espressione normale (CON RIFERIMENTO A) che � ripartita fra molti altri programmi di utilit� in UNIX.


Le espressioni normali

Un'espressione normale � contenuta sempre inbetween i tagli e la corrispondenza si presenta con l'operatore �del =~�. La seguente espressione � allineare soltanto se la stringa compare nel $sntnce variabile.

$sntnce =~ /the/
The RE is case sensitive, so if

$sntnce = "The quick brown fox";
then the above match will be false. The operator !~ is used for
spotting a non-match. In the above example

$sntnce !~ /the/
is true because the string the does not appear in $sentence.


Possiamo usare un condizionale per stringa che corrisponde come segue

if ($sntnce =~ /under/)
{
print "We're talking about VYOM\n";
}
which would print out a message if we had either of the following

$sntnce = "Up and under";
$sntnce = "Best winkles in Sunderland";

Ma � molto pi� facile se assegniamo lo sntnce alla variabile speciale $ _ che � un'entit� scalare. Se seguiamo questo allora possiamo evitare di usare il fiammifero e gli operatori del non-fiammifero ed il suddetto codice possono essere scritti semplicemente As.

if (/under/)
{
print "We're talking about VYOM\n";
}

The variable $_ is default for many Perl operations and tends to
be used very heavily.


Pi� circa la ricerca

Ci sono molti caratteri speciali in un RE ed � questi che danno loro sia l'alimentazione che inoltre rendono loro lo sguardo molto complicato. � migliore sviluppare lentamente il vostro uso della ricerca; la loro latta della creazione qualcosa � di una forma di arte. Qui sono alcuni di RE caratteri speciali con il loro significato

. # Any single character except a newline
^ # The beginning of the line or string
$ # The end of the line or string
* # Zero or more of the last character
+ # One or more of the last character
? # Zero or one of the last character


Qui sono alcuni dei fiammiferi di esempio. Ricordar di che dovrebbe essere incluso all'interno dei tagli di /.../ da usare.

t.e # t followed by anthing followed by e
# This will match the
# tre
# tle
# but not te
# tale
^f # f at the beginning of a line
^ftp # ftp at the beginning of a line
e$ # e at the end of a line
tle$ # tle at the end of a line
und* # un followed by zero or more d characters
# This will match un
# und
# undd
# unddd (etc)
* # Any string without a newline. This is because
# the . matches anything except a newline and
# the * means zero or more of these.
^$ # A line with nothing in it.


Per abbinare qualunque dei caratteri all'interno di loro le parentesi sono utilizzate. All'interno delle parentesi a - rappresenta �fra� e al a^ d'inizio significa �non�:

[qjk] # Either q or j or k
[^qjk] # Neither q nor j nor k
[a-z] # Anything from a to z inclusive
[^a-z] # No lower case letters
[a-zA-Z]# Any letterv
[a-z]+ # Any non-zero sequence of lower case letters
# spaces: "/0" or "/ 0" or "/ 0" etc.
\ / \ s*0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# whitespace.


�o� � rappresentato dalla barra verticale �|� e le parentesi (...) sono usate per raggruppare insieme le cose:

jelly|cream # Either jelly or cream
(eg|le)gs # Either eggs or legs
(da)+ # Either da or dada or dadada or...


Qui sono un po'pi� di caratteri speciali:

\n # A newline
\n # A tab
\w # Any alphanumeric (word) character.
# The same as [a-zA-Z0-9_]
\W # Any non-word character.
# The same as [^a-zA-Z0-9_]
\d # Any digit. The same as [0-9]
\D # Any non-digit. The same as [^0-9]
\s # Any whitespace character: space
# tab, newline, etc
\S # Any non-whitespace character
\b # A word boundary, outside [] only
\B # A word boundary, outside [] only


Chiaramente caratteri come $, |, [,), \,/e cos� via � tutto casi particolari nelle espressioni normali. Se desiderate abbinare il qualcuno di questi allora dovreste precederli da un backslash come indicato sotto.

\ | # Vertical bar/td>
\ [ # An open square bracket
\ ) # A closing parenthesis.
\* # An asterisk
\^ # A carat symbol
\ / # A slash
\\ # A backslash


Alcuni RE esempi

� probabilmente meglio sviluppare lentamente il vostro uso delle espressioni normali, come � stato accennato pi� presto. Sono forniti sotto alcuni esempi.

[01] # Either "0" or "1"/td>
\ /0 # A division by zero: "/0"
\ / 0 # A division by zero with a space: "/ 0"
\ / \ s0 # A division by zero with a whitespace:
# "/ 0" where the space may be a tab etc.
\ / *0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# spaces: "/0" or "/ 0" or "/ 0" etc.
\ / \ s*0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# whitespace.
\ / \ s*0 \.0*# As the previous one, but with decimal
# point and maybe some 0s after it. Accepts
# "/0." and "/0.0" and "/0.00" etc and
# "/ 0." and "/ 0.0" and "/ 0.00" etc.





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Keywords:perl tutorial, perl scripts, perl programming, active perl, perl download, blackberry perl, perl regular expressions, perl split, perl array, perl script page


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