FAQs

• What is inheritance?

  Inheritance - is the concept of passing the traits of a class to another class. A class comprises of a collection of types of encapsulated instance variables and types of methods, events, properties, possibly with implementation of those...

• What is Encapsulation?

  Encapsulation - is the ability of an object to hide its data and methods from the rest of the world. It is one of the fundamental principles of OOPs. Say we create a class, named Calculations. This class may contain a few members in the...

• What is a class? What is a Base Class?

  A class is an organized store-house in object-oriented programming that gives coherent functional abilities to a group of related code. It is the definition of an object, made up of software code. Using classes, we may wrap data and behavio...

• What is OOPs?

  OOPs - Object Oriented Programming Languages & Systems. Everything in the world is an object. The type of the object may vary. In OOPS, we get the power to create objects of our own, as & when required. OOPs is a programming methodology w...

• WHAT IS FILE AVAILABILITY?

  The latest version of Ralf Brown's Interrupt List is 60, dated 3 Jan 99. The files are available directly from his home page, from SimTel, or Garbo: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/ralf/pub/WWW/files.html ftp://ftp.s...

• Grzegorz Mazur's x86 CPU Identification

  Grzegorz has a series of hypertext articles that explain x86 CPU identification algorithms developed by him. Covered are not only the Intel chips but also V20, V30 (remember them), and Cyrix. His page is located: http://grafi.ii...

• Explain CPUID PROGRAM?

  The type of processor and math coprocessor can be determined using two functions that have been provided by Intel. The source code to these functions can be obtained from Intel by: ftp://ftp.intel.com/pub/IAL/tools_utils_demos/

• How Can STDERR Be Redirected To A File?

  I understand that 4DOS has this capability at its command line. If you are looking in the assembly language FAQ for this information, an assembly language answer probably is desired.

• How To Truncate A File?

  There is not any single DOS Int 21h function that performs this operation.

• What Is HELPPC and Where Is It Available?

  HELPPC is customizable by users. The documentation describes how users can incorporate their own information into the help file format. These user help files then can be incorporated into the database and accessed via HELPPC applicatio...

• Explain MMX OPCODES ?

  Intel has a chapter covering these new OpCodes in the MMX Technology Programmer’s Reference Manual. This chapter is Chapter Five - Intel Architecture MMX Instruction Set. http://developer.intel.com/drg/mmx/Manuals/prm/PRM_CHP5.HTM

• Explain x86 OPCODES ?

  The best source of OpCodes up to and including the Pentium Pro processor is in the Intel Architecture Software Developer’s Manual, Volume 2: Instruction Set Reference Manual. It is available in .pdf format from Intel’s Web Site:...

• WHEN TO USE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE?

  I personally think that except as a learning exercise it is a waste of time writing something in ASM that can be written acceptably fast in a high-level language.

• ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE OR MACHINE LANGUAGE

  To word this simply, you can say that say that assembly language is a human-readable text, and machine language is machine-readable binary code. When you program in assembly language, you are programming on the machine language level....

• Will you edit my text?

  University Publications has an editorial oversight responsibility in order to ensure professional, accurate, consistent communications according to our approved style requirements. Our professional editors will review, and may modify, your...

• Where will my final delivery be made? Can you store my project?

  You should specify your departmental delivery location when you arrange the project with our staff. In most cases, all projects printed by University Printing are delivered free to your departmental location. In other cases, delivery is als...

• Am I required to use the MSU logo?

  Generally, yes. Our logo is a very important part of our public identity. The correct and standardized use of the logo is highly advantageous to projecting and reinforcing our identity in our messages. According to the MSU Graphics Identifi...

• Are there charges for University Publication's services?

  There are no charges for the editing, cost estimating and project management services offered by University Publications to university organizations. There are charges for graphic art production services provided by University Graphics and...

• How much time does it take to get a project printed?

  Depending on complexity and quantity, this can be quite variable. If University Publications is responsible for editing the project, creating the design and/or preparing the electronic art files, then time must be allowed for these tasks as...

• How do I get a printing estimate for my project?

  There are several possible alternatives for having jobs printed, depending on the type of project. The first step is to identify what the appropriate type of printer is for a particular job. The quantities produced, extent of color, type of...

• Are navigation buttons included?

  For FrontPage templates, the images are part of the theme, and will modify themselves as you add your pages in navigation view.

• Are navigation buttons included?

  For Dreamweaver templates, blank images are included for both the on and off state of the rollovers. Modify these images in a graphics program by adding text to reflect the names of your pages.

• How can I modify any of the graphics?

  Open the blank image, contained in the package, in the graphics program of your choice. Make any changes, such as adding your company name, and save the image with a new file name. Place the modified image in the same location as the sample...

• What format is used for the blank graphics?

  The blank images are in either .gif or .jpg format. This allows for modification in the widest range of graphics programs.

• Are blank graphics included with the template package?

  Yes. Blank graphics are included for each template package. The blank images are of the correct size to keep the layout intact after modifications. Some template packages contain sample images that are meant to be completely replaced with y...

• What is SAIF?

  SAIF (Spatial Archive and Interchange Format) is a Canadian standard for the exchange of geographic data. It uses an object oriented data model, and consists of definitions of the underlying building blocks, including tuples, sets, lists, e...

• What is Miscellaneous graphics formats?

  These formats for storing graphics files -- TIFF, GIF, JPEG, FLI, CGM, and so on -- are more properly discussed in the newsgroup comp.graphics.

• What is PDS?

  In recent years, the Planetary Data System (PDS) has been responsible for archiving space mission data on CD-ROM media, using its own self- describing data format, variously know as PDS or ODL (Object Description Language). At least some of...

• What is VICAR ?

  VICAR (Video Image Communication and Retrieval) is a collection of image processing programs supported by the Multimission Image Processing Laboratory (MIPL) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), for use in manipulating and analyzing spac...

• What is netCDF?

  NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is an interface for scientific data access which implements a machine-independent, self-describing, extendible file format.

• what is HDF?

  HDF (Hierarchical Data Format) is a self-defining file format for transfer of various types of data between different machines. The HDF library contains interfaces for storing and retrieving compressed or uncompressed raster images with pal...

• What is GRIB?

  RIB (GRid In Binary) is the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard for gridded meteorological data.

• What is FITS?

  FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) is the standard data interchange and archival format of the worldwide astronomy community. The NOST Standard and User's Guide, some software,

• What is CDF?

  CDF (Common Data Format) is a library and toolkit for storing, manipulating, and accessing multi-dimensional data sets. The basic component of CDF is a software programming interface that is a device independent view of the CDF data model.

• How to get a current copy of this document

  If you are reading this document after 11 Oct 1995, you are reading an outdated copy. A current copy of this document can be obtained by anonymous FTP to . If you don't know what FTP is, see the section "How to use the data retrieval method...

• How to use this document

  As the amount of information available over the networks has been increasing, so have the methods by which this information can be obtained. No longer is direct usage of FTP the only, or even the most frequent, method of obtaining data; we...

• Why don't my scrollbar properties, filters, etc. validate?

  The CSS Validator validates your style sheet against some profile, e.g. CSS Level 1 or CSS Level 2. Some browser Vendors however extend these profiles by new properties like Microsoft did with the scrollbar-base-color or filter property or...

• Why does the validator complain You have no background-color with your color?

  If you don't specify color and background-color at the same level of specificity, your style sheet might clash with user style sheets. To avoid this, specify always both of them, see Section 9.1 "Color Contrast" in the W3C Note "CSS Techni...

• What does I/O Error: Not Acceptable mean?

  The remote webserver returned an error code, probably 406 "Not Acceptable". This means that the requested resource is not acceptable for the CSS Validator due to the Accept-* headers it sent. If the CSS Validator requests e.g. http://www.ex...

• What does Element type "example" must be followed by either attribute specifications, ">" or "/>" mean?

  Your XHTML/XML document is not well-formed; it probably includes directly adjacent attribute specifications like: ... This is not allowed in XML, there must be a white-space character between the attribute specifications, so w...

• What does An invalid XML character (Unicode: 0x????) was found in the element content of the document mean?

  For ISO-8859-1 encoded documents this would look like You may also declare the encoding in the HTTP Content-Type header, e.g. Content-Type: application/xml;charset=ISO-8859-1

• What does I/O Error: Unknown mime type: some/type mean?

  Your server must be configured to return this MIME type in the Content-Type HTTP header. If you don't know how to setup your server to return this Media Type, check your webserver's manual or contact your system administrator or the support...

• What does org.xml.sax.SAXException: Please, fix your system identifier (URI) in the DOCTYPE rule mean?

  Your document contains a document type declaration but the system identifier points at some non-W3C URI. Your document probably contains something like this:

• How many Networks can X-Link Bridge?

  It is important to understand the difference between protocols and networks. X-Link only transfers data between two protocols, however in some cases, drivers may support multiple networks using the same protocol. An example of this would be...

• How will X-Link Impact the Networks it is connected to?

  X-Link has a number of polling options that allow the user to minimize the data traffic. For the source data, X-Link can query in adjustable intervals, poll when requested by the companion driver (network) or poll when stale (data has not b...

• How is the X-Link addressed from the network?

  X-Link appears as a native node on whichever network it resides. On an Allen-Bradley network, X-Link would appear as a PLC (several emulations to choose from) or as a rack of I/O. The same is true for other industrial control networks as we...

• Can the X-Link be used for control?

  Yes it can . Control operations generally require a certain speed threshold, deterministic operation, and reliable data transport. X-Link has the inherent speed necessary for all but the most demanding control operations and supports a numb...

• What kind of network delays can I expect using X-Link?

  Without knowing the specifics of your gateway configuration and the performance of each network to which the X-Link is connected, it is virtually impossible to provide a meaningful answer. In most cases, one of the two networks is slower th...

• Is there an extra charge for network protocol drivers?

  The purchase of an X-Link entitles the user to full access to our library of network protocol drivers without additional charge. Some exceptions may occur with third-party or custom-developed drivers for proprietary networks.

• Besides X-Link, what do I need to buy to implement a gateway?

  X-Link includes everything you need to implement a gateway with exception of interface cards, of which you may need one or more. The interface cards allow the X-Link to communicate over the networks. Some networks use standard mediums like...