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XML Encoding

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Choosing the encoding


The characters of XML document can be encoded in different formats. By default XML uses the Unicode (UTF-8 or UTF-16) character set , but other encodings can be used if they are declared in the XML declaration at the beginning of the document.
A D V E R T I S E M E N T
Due to encoding problem you can get different errors, when you try to load an XML document into Internet Explorer:
"Switch from current encoding to specified encoding not supported."

Such Type of error generate due to inconsistency between the character encoding specified in the XML declaration and the actual character encoding used to serialize the XML document. In XML all characters come from the Universal Character Set (UCS), which always associates a numerical code point with each character. Many algorithms exist for converting code points into a sequence of bytes. A specific character encoding must be used to serialize an XML document. For example, if you type an XML document into notepad and save it, you can choose from one of several supported character encodings including ISO-8859-1, UTF-8, or UTF-16.
According to the XML 1.0 specification, all processors are required to automatically detect and support the UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings.You don't need an XML declaration if you use one of these two encodings when serializing your documents,


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- optional -->

If you use different encoding other than UTF-8/UTF-16, then you must use an XML declaration to specify the actual encoding used. Without knowing what encoding was actually used how can the processor read the encoding information?
It's easy for processors to auto-detect between UTF-8/UTF-16 with or without an XML declaration by looking for a byte order mark (BOM) required in UTF-16 documents. For all other encodings, you know that the first five characters must be "<?xml". Since a given processor will only support a finite set of encodings, a brute-force algorithm can be used that simply looks at the first few bytes to determine the family of the character encoding used (there are five possible encoding families including UTF-16 big endian, UTF-16 little endian, UCS-4 or other 32-bit encoding, EBCDIC, and everything else). Once the processor detects the encoding family, it can read the rest of the XML declaration (since only a restricted set of characters can be used in the XML declaration), then it can switch to using the specified character encoding within the detected family. If, at this point, the XML declaration tells the processor to switch to an encoding from a completely different family, that error occurs.
So any time you save a document using a specific encoding, then indicate a different encoding in the XML declaration, you will get this error because the encodings must agree.
 




An invalid character was found in text content.


This error message generate when a character in the XML document does not match the encoding attribute and no any encoding attribute was specified. Normally you will get this error message if your XML document contains "foreign" characters and the file was saved with a single-byte encoding editor like notepad.

Windows 2000 notepad without Encoding


Windows 2000 Notepad files may save as Unicode format.
Save the XML file below as Unicode (Country that the document does not contain any encoding attribute):

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Country>
<from>India</from>
<to>China</to> </Country>

The file above will NOT generate an error in IE 5+, Firefox, or Opera, but it WILL generate an error in Netscape 6.2.

Windows 2000 notepad with Encoding

Windows 2000 notepad files saved as Unicode use "UTF-16" encoding format.

If you add an encoding attribute to XML files saved as Unicode, windows encoding values will generate an error.

The following encoding does not generate error message:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="windows-1252" ?>
<!-- Edited with XML Spy v2006 (http://www.altova.com) -->
-<Country>
<to>China</to>
<from>India</from>
<heading>remind language</heading>
<body>Norwegian: æøå. French: êèé</body>
</Country>

The following encoding does not generate error message:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<!-- Edited with XML Spy v2006 (http://www.altova.com) -->
-<Country>
<to>China</to>
<from>India</from>
<heading>remind language</heading>
<body>Norwegian: æøå. French: êèé</body>
</Country>

The following encoding does not generate error message:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!-- Edited with XML Spy v2006 (http://www.altova.com) -->
-<Country>
<to>China</to>
<from>India</from>
<heading>remind language</heading>
<body>Norwegian: æøå. French: êèé</body>
</Country>

> The following encoding will NOT generate an error in IE 5+, Firefox, or Opera, but in Netscape 6.2 it will generate an error.


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16" ?>
<!-- Edited with XML Spy v2006 (http://www.altova.com) -->
-<Country>
<to>China</to>
<from>India</from>
<heading>remind language</heading>
<body>Norwegian: æøå. French: êèé</body>
</Country>

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Keywords: xml document, xml parser, xml schema, xml declaration, xml-encoding, xsl encoding, xml encoding, xml encode, xml unicode encoding, xslt encoding, xml charset, xml base64, xml encoding declaration, xml encoding utf 8, xml encoding iso 8859 1, java xml encoding, xml iso 8859 1, xml character encoding, xml iso 8859, xml encoding iso 8859, xml encoding utf, xml encoding iso, xml encoded, xml version 1.0 encoding utf 8, xml version 1.0 encoding, xml version 1.0 encoding iso 8859 1, javax xml rpc encoding, xml version 1.0 encoding utf 16.

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