Introduction to TCP/IP

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) on top of the Internet Protocol (IP). These protocols were developed by DARPA to enable communication between different types of computers and computer networks.

The Internet Protocol is a connectionless protocol which provides packet routing.

TCP is connection-oriented and provides reliable communication and multiplexing.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP is TCP and IP working together.

TCP takes care of the communication between your application software (i.e. your browser) and your network software.

IP takes care of the communication with other computers.

TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive.

IP is responsible for sending the packets to the receiver.

TCP/IP is the Internet Communication Protocol

TCP/IP is the communication protocol for communication between computers connected to the Internet.

A communication protocol is a description of the rules computers must follow to communicate with each other. The Internet communication protocol defines the rules for computer communication over the Internet.

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.

The standard defines how electronic devices should be connected to the Internet, and how data should be transmitted between them.

Inside TCP/IP

Hiding inside the TCP/IP standard there are a number of protocols for handling data communication:

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication between applications
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) simple communication between applications
IP (Internet Protocol) communication between computers
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for errors and statistics
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for dynamic addressing

TCP Uses a Fixed Connection

TCP is for communication between applications.

When an application wants to communicate with another application via Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) , it sends a communication request. This request must be sent to an exact address. After a "handshake" between the two applications, TCP will setup a "full-duplex" communication between the two applications.

The "full-duplex" communication will occupy the communication line between the two computers until it is closed by one of the two applications.

UDP is very similar to TCP, but is simpler and less reliable.

IP is Connection-Less

IP is for communication between computers.

IP is a "connection-less" communication protocol. It does not occupy the communication line between two communicating computers. This way IP reduces the need for network lines. Each line can be used for communication between many different computers at the same time.

With IP, messages (or other data) are broken up into small independent "packets" and sent between computers via the Internet.

IP is responsible for "routing" each packet to its destination.

IP Routers

When an IP packet is sent from a computer, it arrives at an IP router.

The IP router is responsible for "routing" the packet to its destination, directly or via another router.

The path the packet will follow might be different from other packets of the same communication. The router is responsible for the right addressing depending on traffic volume, errors in the network, or other parameters.

Your Browser and Your Server Use TCP/IP

Internet browsers and Internet servers use TCP/IP to connect to the Internet. Your browser uses TCP/IP to access Internet servers, and servers use TCP/IP to send HTML back to your browser.

Your E-Mail Uses TCP/IP

Your e-mail program uses TCP/IP to connect to the Internet for sending and receiving e-mails.

Your Internet Address is TCP/IP

Your Internet address "203.101.50.14" is a part of the standard TCP/IP protocol. (And so is your domain name "www.someonesplace.com")

Share And Enjoy:These icons link to social bookmarking sites where readers can share and discover new web pages.