It's called TCP/IP. What are all those other protocols, and what are they for?

TCP and IP are the "core" protocols (sometimes called the "protocol stack"), but an entire suite of useful protocols has grown up around them. Some of these provide for basic functionality in performing such common network tasks as transferring files between two computers (FTP) or running applications on a remote computer (Telnet). Others are used for information gathering (SNMP, NETSTAT, IPCONFIG), and many are troubleshooting tools that also allow you to perform basic configuration tasks (ARP, ROUTE).