2. Internal ranking factors
Several factors influence the position of a site in the search results.
A D V E R T I S E M E N T
They
can be divided into external and internal ranking factors. Internal ranking
factors are those that are controlled by seo aware website owners (text, layout,
etc.) and will be described next.
2.1 Web page layout factors relevant to seo
2.1.1 Amount of text on a page
A page consisting of just a few sentences is less likely to get to the top of
a search engine list. Search engines favor sites that have a high information
content. Generally, you should try to increase the text content of your site in
the interest of seo. The optimum page size is 500-3000 words (or 2000 to 20,000
characters).
Search engine visibility is increased as the amount of page text increases
due to the increased likelihood of occasional and accidental search queries
causing it to be listed. This factor sometimes results in a large number of
visitors.
2.1.2 Number of keywords on a page
Keywords must be used at least three to four times in the page text. The
upper limit depends on the overall page size � the larger the page, the more
keyword repetitions can be made. Keyword phrases (word combinations consisting
of several keywords) are worth a separate mention. The best seo results are
observed when a keyword phrase is used several times in the text with all
keywords in the phrase arranged in exactly the same order. In addition, all of
the words from the phrase should be used separately several times in the
remaining text. There should also be some difference (dispersion) in the number
of entries for each of these repeated words.
Let us take an example. Suppose we optimize a page for the phrase "seo
software� (one of our seo keywords for this site) It would be good to use the
phrase �seo software� in the text 10 times, the word �seo� 7 times elsewhere in
the text and the word �software� 5 times. The numbers here are for illustration
only, but they show the general seo idea quite well.
2.1.3 Keyword density and seo
Keyword page density is a measure of the relative frequency of the word in
the text expressed as a percentage. For example, if a specific word is used 5
times on a page containing 100 words, the keyword density is 5%. If the density
of a keyword is too low, the search engine will not pay much attention to it. If
the density is too high, the search engine may activate its spam filter. If this
happens, the page will be penalized and its position in search listings will be
deliberately lowered.
The optimum value for keyword density is 5-7%. In the case of keyword
phrases, you should calculate the total density of each of the individual
keywords comprising the phrases to make sure it is within the specified limits.
In practice, a keyword density of more than 7-8% does not seem to have any
negative seo consequences. However, it is not necessary and can reduce the
legibility of the content from a user�s viewpoint.
2.1.4 Location of keywords on a page
A very short rule for seo experts � the closer a keyword or keyword phrase is
to the beginning of a document, the more significant it becomes for the search
engine.
2.1.5 Text format and seo
Search engines pay special attention to page text that is highlighted or
given special formatting. We recommend:
- use keywords in headings. Headings are text highlighted with the �H� HTML
tags. The �h1� and �h2� tags are most effective. Currently, the use of CSS
allows you to redefine the appearance of text highlighted with these tags. This
means that �H� tags are used less than nowadays, but are still very important in
seo work.;
- Highlight keywords with bold fonts. Do not highlight the entire text! Just
highlight each keyword two or three times on the page. Use the �strong� tag for
highlighting instead of the more traditional �B� bold tag.
2.1.6 �TITLE� tag
This is one of the most important tags for search engines. Make use of this
fact in your seo work. Keywords must be used in the TITLE tag. The link to your
site that is normally displayed in search results will contain text derived from
the TITLE tag. It functions as a sort of virtual business card for your pages.
Often, the TITLE tag text is the first information about your website that the
user sees. This is why it should not only contain keywords, but also be
informative and attractive. You want the searcher to be tempted to click on your
listed link and navigate to your website. As a rule, 50-80 characters from the
TITLE tag are displayed in search results and so you should limit the size of
the title to this length.
2.1.7 Keywords in links
A simple seo rule � use keywords in the text of page links that refer to
other pages on your site and to any external Internet resources. Keywords in
such links can slightly enhance page rank.
2.1.8 �ALT� attributes in images
Any page image has a special optional attribute known as "alternative text.�
It is specified using the HTML �ALT� tag. This text will be displayed if the
browser fails to download the image or if the browser image display is disabled.
Search engines save the value of image ALT attributes when they parse (index)
pages, but do not use it to rank search results.
Currently, the Google search engine takes into account text in the ALT
attributes of those images that are links to other pages. The ALT attributes of
other images are ignored. There is no information regarding other search
engines, but we can assume that the situation is similar. We consider that
keywords can and should be used in ALT attributes, but this practice is not
vital for seo purposes.
2.1.9 Description Meta tag
This is used to specify page descriptions. It does not influence the seo
ranking process but it is very important. A lot of search engines (including the
largest one � Google) display information from this tag in their search results
if this tag is present on a page and if its content matches the content of the
page and the search query.
Experience has shown that a high position in search results does not always
guarantee large numbers of visitors. For example, if your competitors' search
result description is more attractive than the one for your site then search
engine users may choose their resource instead of yours. That is why it is
important that your Description Meta tag text be brief, but informative and
attractive. It must also contain keywords appropriate to the page.
2.1.10 Keywords Meta tag
This Meta tag was initially used to specify keywords for pages but it is
hardly ever used by search engines now. It is often ignored in seo projects.
However, it would be advisable to specify this tag just in case there is a
revival in its use. The following rule must be observed for this tag: only
keywords actually used in the page text must be added to it.
2.2 Site structure
2.2.1 Number of pages
The general seo rule is: the more, the better. Increasing the number of pages
on your website increases the visibility of the site to search engines. Also, if
new information is being constantly added to the site, search engines consider
this as development and expansion of the site. This may give additional
advantages in ranking. You should periodically publish more information on your
site � news, press releases, articles, useful tips, etc.
2.2.2 Navigation menu
As a rule, any site has a navigation menu. Use keywords in menu links, it
will give additional seo significance to the pages to which the links refer.
2.2.3 Keywords in page names
Some seo experts consider that using keywords in the name of a HTML page file
may have a positive effect on its search result position.
2.2.4 Avoid subdirectories
If there are not too many pages on your site (up to a couple of dozen), it is
best to place them all in the root directory of your site. Search engines
consider such pages to be more important than ones in subdirectories.
2.2.5 One page � one keyword phrase
For maximum seo try to optimize each page for its own keyword phrase.
Sometimes you can choose two or three related phrases, but you should certainly
not try to optimize a page for 5-10 phrases at once. Such phrases would probably
produce no effect on page rank.
2.2.6 Seo and the Main page
Optimize the main page of your site (domain name, index.html) for word
combinations that are most important. This page is most likely to get to the top
of search engine lists. My seo observations suggest that the main page may
account for up to 30-40% percent of the total search traffic for some sites
2.3 Common seo mistakes
2.3.1 Graphic header
Very often sites are designed with a graphic header. Often, we see an image
of the company logo occupying the full-page width. Do not do it! The upper part
of a page is a very valuable place where you should insert your most important
keywords for best seo. In case of a graphic image, that prime position is wasted
since search engines can not make use of images. Sometimes you may come across
completely absurd situations: the header contains text information, but to make
its appearance more attractive, it is created in the form of an image. The text
in it cannot be indexed by search engines and so it will not contribute toward
the page rank. If you must present a logo, the best way is to use a hybrid
approach � place the graphic logo at the top of each page and size it so that it
does not occupy its entire width. Use a text header to make up the rest of the
width.
2.3.2 Graphic navigation menu
The situation is similar to the previous one � internal links on your site
should contain keywords, which will give an additional advantage in seo ranking.
If your navigation menu consists of graphic elements to make it more attractive,
search engines will not be able to index the text of its links. If it is not
possible to avoid using a graphic menu, at least remember to specify correct ALT
attributes for all images.
2.3.3 Script navigation
Sometimes scripts are used for site navigation. As an seo worker, you should
understand that search engines cannot read or execute scripts. Thus, a link
specified with the help of a script will not be available to the search engine,
the search robot will not follow it and so parts of your site will not be
indexed. If you use site navigation scripts then you must provide regular HTML
duplicates to make them visible to everyone � your human visitors and the search
robots.
2.3.4 Session identifier
Some sites use session identifiers. This means that each visitor gets a
unique parameter (&session_id=) when he or she arrives at the site. This ID is
added to the address of each page visited on the site. Session IDs help site
owners to collect useful statistics, including information about visitors'
behavior. However, from the point of view of a search robot, a page with a new
address is a brand new page. This means that, each time the search robot comes
to such a site, it will get a new session identifier and will consider the pages
as new ones whenever it visits them.
Search engines do have algorithms for consolidating mirrors and pages with
the same content. Sites with session IDs should, therefore, be recognized and
indexed correctly. However, it is difficult to index such sites and sometimes
they may be indexed incorrectly, which has an adverse effect on seo page
ranking. If you are interested in seo for your site, I recommend that you avoid
session identifiers if possible.
2.3.5 Redirects
Redirects make site analysis more difficult for search robots, with resulting
adverse effects on seo. Do not use redirects unless there is a clear reason for
doing so.
2.3.6 Hidden text, a deceptive seo method
The last two issues are not really mistakes but deliberate attempts to
deceive search engines using illicit seo methods. Hidden text (when the text
color coincides with the background color, for example) allows site owners to
cram a page with their desired keywords without affecting page logic or visual
layout. Such text is invisible to human visitors but will be seen by search
robots. The use of such deceptive optimization methods may result in banning of
the site. It could be excluded from the index (database) of the search engine.
2.3.7 One-pixel links, seo deception
This is another deceptive seo technique. Search engines consider the use of
tiny, almost invisible, graphic image links just one pixel wide and high as an
attempt at deception, which may lead to a site ban.
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