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There are many built-in functions in PHP to handle files and directories.
Using these functions we can read, write, delete, and get lots of information
of the files.
A D V E R T I S E M E N T
To perform any funtion on a file we should have the right permission
which will allow us to manupulate that file.
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Creating and Deleting a File
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We can create a file using the funtion "touch()". The touch() funtion
when called first searches whether the specified file exists or not
if the file doesnot exists it creates one with the specfied file name.
To delete a file we use the function called "unlink()". This funtion
removes the file that has been sent as an argument.
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touch(“newinfo.txt”); //create a new file, if it doesn’t already exist
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unlink(“oldinfo.txt”); //delete a file
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Open Existing File
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When a file got created, How to access it?
We can access an existing file using the funtion called "fopen()". This funtion takes
two arguments, The first argument specifies the name of the file that has to be opened,
and the second argument specifies in which mode the file has to be opened.i'e in
"read-r", "write-w" or both "read-write" mode.
If the function fopen() executes successfully then it returns an integer value known as
a file pointer. This value should be stored in a variable. This variable is used to work
on with the opened file. If the funtion fopen() fails executing for any reason, It just
returns FALSE. Once the file is used we should close it using the "fclose()" function.
This function takes only the file name as the argument.
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$oldfp = fopen(“oldinfo.txt”, “r”); //opens a file for reading
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if(!$fp = fopen(“newinfo.txt”, “w”)) //tries to open a file for writing
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die(“Error on opening file!”); //terminates the execution of the script if it cannot
open the file
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fclose($oldfp);
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Reading from Files
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To read from the file we use the funtion called "fgets()". When this funtion is
called, it reads out all the characters until a newline(\n), or End Of File(EOF),
or till a specified length is reached.
The function "fgets()" is similar to "fgets()", Unlike fgets() it returns
a single character from a file. there is no need to specify any length as a argument,
since a character is always 1 byte.
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$text = fgets($fp, 2000); //reads 2000 bytes at most
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$chr = fgetc($fp); //reads 1 byte only
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More File Handling Functions
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There are a lot of other functions that you can use with files like: testing functions
– “file_exists()”, “is_file()”, “is_dir()”, “is_readable()”, “is_writeable()”,
“is_executable()”; functions that return information on files: “filesize()”,
“fileatime()”, “filemtime()”, “filectime()”. You can figure out what the function
does by just reading its name.
Following table contains few File Handling functions and
their description
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| Example |
Description Preview |
| chdir |
Changes PHP's current directory
to specified directory. Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
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| chroot |
Change the root directory |
| closedir |
Closes a directory handle
previously opened with opendir(). |
| copy |
Makes a copy of a file. Returns
TRUE if the copy succeeded, FALSE otherwise. |
| dir |
dir -- directory class class dir
{ dir(string directory); string path; resource handl... |
| file |
Returns the contents of a file in
an array. |
| filesize |
Gets file size |
| fopen |
Opens a file handle to be used
. |
| fread |
Reads the contents of a file
descriptor assigned with fopen(). |
| fwrite |
Writes to a file descriptor
opened with fopen(). |
| getcwd |
gets the
current working directory string. getcwd (void) Returns the current
working directory. |
| opendir |
Returns a directory handle that
can be used with readdir(), closedir() and rewinddir(). |
| readdir |
Reads the next file from a
directory handle opened with opendir(). |
| rename |
Renames a file from the old file
name to the new file name. |
| rewinddir |
rewind directory handle, void rewinddir ( resource dir_handle) Resets the
directory stream indicated by dir_handle to the beginning of the
directory. |
| scandir |
List
files and directories inside the specified path |
| Unlink |
Deletes a file. |
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