Object Oriented Programming Concepts
Classes,
Objects, and Methods are the most basic concepts for object oriented programming. Besides, Inheritance, Abstraction, Polymorphism, Event and Encapsulation are the other concepts that OOPs features.
A D V E R T I S E M E N T
Object: An Object is a computer representation of some real-world thing (i.e person, place) or event. Objects can have both attributes and behaviours
When an object is mapped into software representation, it consists of 2 parts:
- PRIVATE data structure
- PROCESSES that may correctly change the data structure.
Class: A class is a blueprint or prototype from which objects are created. This section defines a class that models the state and behavior of a real-world object. It intentionally focuses on the basics, showing how even a simple class can cleanly model state and behavior.
Inheritance: Inheritance provides a powerful and natural mechanism for organizing and structuring your software. This section explains how classes inherit state and behavior from their superclasses, and explains how to derive one class from another using the simple syntax provided by the Java programming language.
Encapsulation: Encapsulation (or information hiding) is a principle, about hiding the details of the implementation of the interface. It is to reveal as little as possible about the inner workings of the Interface.
Encapsulation is a technique for minimizing interdependencies among modules by defining a strict external interface. This way, internal coding can be changed without affecting the interface, so long as the new implementation supports the same (or upwards compatible) external interface.
Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows the programmer to treat derived class members just like their parent class' members. More precisely, Polymorphism in object-oriented programming is the ability of objects belonging to different data types to respond to method calls of methods of the same name, each one according to an appropriate type-specific behavior. One method, or an operator such as +, -, or *, can be abstractly applied in many different situations
Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one form. An operation may exhibit different behaviors in different instances. The behavior depends on the data types used in the operation. Polymorphism is extensively used in implementing Inheritance.
Abstraction: Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations. Classes use the concept of abstraction and are defined as a list of abstract attributes.
encapsulation: Storing data and functions in a single unit (class) is encapsulation. Data cannot be accessible to the outside world and only those functions which are stored in the class can access it.
A major factor in the invention of Object-Oriented approach is to remove some of the flaws encountered with the procedural approach. In OOP, data is treated as a critical element and does not allow it to flow freely. It bounds data closely to the functions that operate on it and protects it from accidental modification from outside functions. OOP allows decomposition of a problem into a number of entities called objects and then builds data and functions around these objects. A major advantage of OOP is code reusability.
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