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XPath Syntax


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XPath Syntax

XML Weg-Sprache verwendet eine feststellende Darstellung anstatt ein Verfahrens. Jeder Ausdruck entwickelte sich durch diese Darstellung beschreibt die Arten von Nullpunkten zum Gleichen, das auf dem hierarchischen Verhältnis zwischen den Nullpunkten basierte. Z.B. finden die Ausdruck „Buch-/Autoren“ Mittel das Autor Element enthalten im Buchelement.




XML Beispiel
Ein XML Dokument wird unten gegeben.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><bookstore><book>
<title lang="eng">Harry Potter</title>
<price>29.99</price>
</book><book>
<title lang="eng">Learning XML</title>
<price>39.95</price>
</book></bookstore>




Vorwählen von Nullpunkten

Nullpunkte XPath Gebrauch-Wegausdrücke vorwählen. Der Nullpunkt wird vorgewählt, indem man einem Weg folgt. Die nützlichsten Wegausdrücke sind: -


Expression Description
nodename Selects all child nodes of the node
/ Selects from the root node
// Selects nodes in the document from the current node that match the selection no matter where they are
. Selects the current node
.. Selects the parent of the current node
@ Selects attributes

Beispiel
Die Tabelle, die unten haben wir gegeben wird, einige Wegausdrücke und das Resultat der Ausdrücke verzeichnet:

Path Expression Result
bookstore Selects all the child nodes of the bookstore element
/bookstore Selects the root element bookstore

Note: If the path starts with a slash ( / ) it always represents an absolute path to an element!

bookstore/book Selects all book elements that are children of bookstore
//book Selects all book elements no matter where they are in the document
bookstore//book Selects all book elements that are descendant of the bookstore element, no matter where they are under the bookstore element
//@lang Selects all attributes that are named lang



Prädikate

Prädikate werden verwendet, um einen spezifischen Nullpunkt zu finden, der einen Wert enthält. Prädikate werden immer in den eckigen Klammern eingebettet.


Example

Table given below we have listed some path expressions with predicates and the result of the expressions:


Path Expression Result
/bookstore/book[1]

Selects the first book element that is the child of the bookstore element

/bookstore/book[last()]

Selects the last book element that is the child of the bookstore element

/bookstore/book[last()-1]

Selects the last but one book element that is the child of the bookstore element

/bookstore/book[position()<3]

Selects the first two book elements that are children of the bookstore element

//title[@lang]

Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang

//title[@lang='eng']

Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang with a value of 'eng'

/bookstore/book[price>35.00]

Selects all the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00

/bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title

Selects all the title elements of the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00




Wie wir unbekannte Nullpunkte vorwählend?
Wildcards können benutzt werden, um unbekannte XML Elemente vorzuwählen.

Wildcard Description
* Matches any element node
@* Matches any attribute node
node() Matches any node of any kind

Beispiel
Die Tabelle, die unten haben wir gegeben wird, einige Wegausdrücke und das Resultat der Ausdrücke verzeichnet:

Path Expression Result
/bookstore/* Selects all the child nodes of the bookstore element
//* Selects all elements in the document
//title[@*] Selects all title elements which have any attribute




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