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String Matching in PERL


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The most useful features of Perl among many is its powerful string manipulation functions. At the heart of this comes the regular expression (RE) which is shared among many other utilities in UNIX.


The Regular expressions

Ein regelm��iger Ausdruck wird immer inbetween Schr�gstriche enthalten, und das Zusammenbringen tritt mit �=~� Operator auf. Der folgende Ausdruck ist zutreffend, nur wenn die Zeichenkette im variablen $sntnce erscheint.

$sntnce =~ /the/
The RE is case sensitive, so if

$sntnce = "The quick brown fox";
then the above match will be false. The operator !~ is used for
spotting a non-match. In the above example

$sntnce !~ /the/
is true because the string the does not appear in $sentence.


Wir k�nnen ein Konditional f�r die Zeichenkette gebrauchen, die wie folgt zusammenpa�t

if ($sntnce =~ /under/)
{
print "We're talking about VYOM\n";
}
which would print out a message if we had either of the following

$sntnce = "Up and under";
$sntnce = "Best winkles in Sunderland";

Aber es ist viel einfacher, wenn wir das sntnce der speziellen Variable $ _ zuweisen, die ein Skalarwesen ist. Wenn wir diesem dann folgen, k�nnen wir Gleiches, zu gebrauchen vermeiden und Nichtgleiches Operatoren und der oben genannte Code k�nnen wie einfach geschrieben werden.

if (/under/)
{
print "We're talking about VYOM\n";
}

The variable $_ is default for many Perl operations and tends to
be used very heavily.


More about REs

Es gibt viele Sonderzeichen in einem RE, und es ist diese, die ihnen Energie geben und auch sie Blick sehr schwierig bilden. Es ist besser, deinen Gebrauch von Res langsam zu errichten; ihre Kreation Dose etwas ist von einer Kunstform. Sind hier einige der REsonderzeichen zusammen mit ihrer Bedeutung

. # Any single character except a newline
^ # The beginning of the line or string
$ # The end of the line or string
* # Zero or more of the last character
+ # One or more of the last character
? # Zero or one of the last character


Sind hier einige der Beispielgleichen. Daran erinnern, da� es innerhalb der verwendet zu werden /.../ Schr�gstriche beiliegend sein sollte.

t.e # t followed by anthing followed by e
# This will match the
# tre
# tle
# but not te
# tale
^f # f at the beginning of a line
^ftp # ftp at the beginning of a line
e$ # e at the end of a line
tle$ # tle at the end of a line
und* # un followed by zero or more d characters
# This will match un
# und
# undd
# unddd (etc)
* # Any string without a newline. This is because
# the . matches anything except a newline and
# the * means zero or more of these.
^$ # A line with nothing in it.


Um irgendein der Buchstaben innerhalb sie zusammenzubringen werden eckige Klammern benutzt. Innerhalb der eckigen Klammern a - stellt �zwischen� dar und am anfangena^ bedeutet �nicht�:

[qjk] # Either q or j or k
[^qjk] # Neither q nor j nor k
[a-z] # Anything from a to z inclusive
[^a-z] # No lower case letters
[a-zA-Z]# Any letterv
[a-z]+ # Any non-zero sequence of lower case letters
# spaces: "/0" or "/ 0" or "/ 0" etc.
\ / \ s*0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# whitespace.


�oder� wird durch den senkrechten Strich �dargestellt |� und Klammern (...) werden verwendet, um die zusammen zu gruppieren Sachen:

jelly|cream # Either jelly or cream
(eg|le)gs # Either eggs or legs
(da)+ # Either da or dada or dadada or...


Sind hier mehr Sonderzeichen:

\n # A newline
\n # A tab
\w # Any alphanumeric (word) character.
# The same as [a-zA-Z0-9_]
\W # Any non-word character.
# The same as [^a-zA-Z0-9_]
\d # Any digit. The same as [0-9]
\D # Any non-digit. The same as [^0-9]
\s # Any whitespace character: space
# tab, newline, etc
\S # Any non-whitespace character
\b # A word boundary, outside [] only
\B # A word boundary, outside [] only


Offenbar Buchstaben wie $, |, [,) alle sind, \,/und so weiter eigenartige F�lle in den regelm��igen Ausdr�cken. Wenn du irgendwelches zusammenbringen m�chtest dann, solltest du es von einem Gegenschr�gstrich wie gezeigt vorangehen unten.

\ | # Vertical bar/td>
\ [ # An open square bracket
\ ) # A closing parenthesis.
\* # An asterisk
\^ # A carat symbol
\ / # A slash
\\ # A backslash


Einige REbeispiele

Er ist vermutlich am besten, deinen Gebrauch von regelm��igen Ausdr�cken langsam aufzubauen, wie fr�h erw�hnt wurde. Unten gegeben einige Beispiele.

[01] # Either "0" or "1"/td>
\ /0 # A division by zero: "/0"
\ / 0 # A division by zero with a space: "/ 0"
\ / \ s0 # A division by zero with a whitespace:
# "/ 0" where the space may be a tab etc.
\ / *0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# spaces: "/0" or "/ 0" or "/ 0" etc.
\ / \ s*0 # A division by zero with possibly some
# whitespace.
\ / \ s*0 \.0*# As the previous one, but with decimal
# point and maybe some 0s after it. Accepts
# "/0." and "/0.0" and "/0.00" etc and
# "/ 0." and "/ 0.0" and "/ 0.00" etc.





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Keywords:perl tutorial, perl scripts, perl programming, active perl, perl download, blackberry perl, perl regular expressions, perl split, perl array, perl script page


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