CPP Class

To write a code for Class, we need to do is simply declare all the member data and the member functions, and then wrap them up inside an object declaration. Here is an exaple of a class called player.

class Player
{
      int health;
      int strength;
      int agility;

      void move();
      void attackMonster();
     void getTreasure();
};

This is a valid, working class declaration for a Player object. All we did is declared the member data (variables for the player object) and the member functions (functions which our object can do use), and then enclosed them inside the class declaration block. A class declaration block do consists of a keyword class, followed by name of an object, in this case the class name is Player, pair of braces, and the semi-colon.

A Member Data

A class player can have attributes like health,strength, ability etc. These attributes of a class are called memeber data. These can be either private, public or protected Private members are those which can only be accessed by the member funtions where as the Public members can be accessed by any functions in the program.

A Member Function

Player object can have the behavours like Move, AttackMonster and GetTreasure. Till now we mentioned what a player can do and not how the Player can execute these functions. We need to write the function body for each of the function, so that a Player instance will come to know how to attack the monster, Here is a syntax for writing the function definition for the member function:

void Player::move()
{
//function body goes here
}

It is almost similar to writing the function definition for the plain-old, stand-alone functions. Only difference here is that we do precede the name of a function, with the object name here move(), with the Player object, and a scope resolution operator :: which tells a compiler that this function is the part of the Player class.

Instantiating an Object

Creating an object is similar to creating a simple variable. Let us say assume that we want four players in the game, each of them trying to find their way to end of the maze faster than the other player. This can be done by creating four instances of Player object as shown below.

Player blueHat;
Player redHat;
Player greenHat;
Player yellowHat;

Though all these objects are Players, they are independent from one another. They are created by a same template, but they do have some different attributes. Take for example, "blueHat" may be a slow and strong player, while a "greenHat" may be quick but weak, and an "yellowHat" may be well balanced individual, etc. Things which will make these objects similar is they all should have the values for a strength, health, and the ability. but they all are different as each of them can each have their own values for these attributes. So an object is intantiated or created by prefixing a class name to the object name as shown above.

Using the Object's Mmember Functions

Once the object is been created it is time to know how to use the object. Using the object means using up an member data and member funtions of an object. Suppose we have an object greenHat. The behaviour (method) attackMonster can be accessed as shown below. The memeber funtion is accessed using the dot operator.

greenHat.attackMonster();

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