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Sort and Merge


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SORT and MERGE

If you wished to take a file of unordered records and produce a new file of these records sorted into ascending or descending order of a field you would use SORT.

A D V E R T I S E M E N T
The League table program in the Sample code section uses this utility to generate a league table from updated records from a data file, sorted principally by descending points.

Consider this segment of code from this program:


000050 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
000060 INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
000070 FILE-CONTROL.
000080 SELECT TEAM-REC-IN ASSIGN TO "INPUT.REC"
000090 ORGANIZATION IS SEQUENTIAL.
000100 SELECT WORK-FILE ASSIGN TO SORTWK01.
000110 SELECT SORT-OUT ASSIGN TO "SORTED.REC"
000120 ORGANIZATION IS SEQUENTIAL.
000130 SELECT PRINT-FILE ASSIGN TO "PRINTOUT.TXT".
000140
000150 000160 DATA DIVISION.
000170 FILE SECTION.
000180 FD TEAM-REC-IN.
000190 01 TEAM-REC.
000200 03 TEAM-CODE PIC XXX.
000210 03 TEAM-NAME PIC X(20).
000220 03 PLAYED PIC 99.
000230 03 GOALS-FOR PIC 99.
000240 03 GOALS-AGST PIC 99.
000250 03 G-WON PIC 99.
000260 03 G-LOST PIC 99.
000270 03 G-DRAWN PIC 99.
000280 03 GOAL-DIFF PIC S99 SIGN LEADING SEPARATE.
000290 03 POINTS PIC 99.
000300 000310 SD WORK-FILE.
000320 01 WORK-REC.
000330 03 TEAM-CODE-KEY PIC XXX.
000340 03 PIC X(22).
000350 03 GF-KEY PIC 99.
000360 03 PIC X(8).
000370 03 GD-KEY PIC S99 SIGN LEADING SEPARATE.
000380 03 POINTS-KEY PIC 99.
000390

In addition to the FD for the TEAM-REC-IN (the main data file) there is also a WORK-FILE that the computer uses for sorting. Here it is assigned to SORTWK01, required for the Fujitsu COBOL compiler, but for MicroFocus you might code ASSIGN TO DISK or even ASSIGN TO "B:TEMPFILE".

The WORK-FILE does not have a FD descriptor, but rather, has a sort descriptor SD.


003310 SORT-TABLE.
003320 SORT WORK-FILE
003330 ON DESCENDING KEY POINTS-KEY GD-KEY GF-KEY
003340 USING TEAM-REC-IN
003350 GIVING SORT-OUT.

The SORT-TABLE paragraph then sorts the data file TEAM-REC-IN as shown above. Note that the SORT verb is followed by WORK-FILE and that TEAM-REC-IN is refered to with USING...

Since it is common for two teams to have the same number of points then, the DESCENDING KEY first attempts to sort by points (POINTS-KEY) but if these match then they are than sorted by goal difference (GD-KEY) and then by goals scored (GF-KEY). If these all match then the teams will be placed as the appear from the data file (for TEAM-REC-IN I placed them in alphabetical order).

SORT-OUT is the destination of the sorted data where the new league table would appear.

Note, a file that is to be sorted if already open, must be closed prior to sorting. THE SORT STATEMENT WILL AUTOMATICALLY OPEN THE UNSORTED FILE WHEN EXECUTED.

Merge

To merge two sorted files into a single sorted file, the MERGE statement is used:


 MERGE WORK-FILE
 ON ASCENDING KEY CUS-CODE-KEY
 USING FILE-A
 FILE-B
 GIVING MERGED-FILE

You can merge more than 2 files if you wish. An SD would be required as used with a SORT



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Keywords: Cobol Basics, cobol programming language, cobol language programming tutorial pdf, history of cobol programming, basic cobol programming, syntax use in cobol programming, cobol programming software download, cobol programming code, learn cobol programming, cobol performs syntax, cobol 2008

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