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| Differences Between XHTML And HTML |
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What makes XHTML different from HTML
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- Tag and attribute names must be in lower-case
- Elements must be nested properly, no overlapping
- Non-empty elements must be closed
- Empty elements must be terminated
- All attribute values must be quoted
- Attribute value pairs cannot be shortened
- <script> and <style> elements
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Tag and attribute names must be in lower-case
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XHTML element and attribute names must be written in lowercase,as XML is case-sensitive,
No longer you can get away with what people did to improve readability of the code—
typing the attributes and elements names in uppercase and the values in lowercase. Attribute
values can be any case you want. For example, the "#ffcc33" value below can also be written
as "#FFCC33."
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| HTML | XHTML |
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<TD BGCOLOR="#ffcc33">
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<td bgcolor="#ffcc33">
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Elements must be nest properly, no overlapping
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Browsers wont care overlaped elements in most case. For example, if there is bold tag
at the end of a paragraph, it doesnot matters whether to close the </b> first or the
</p>. But with XML and XHTML, we have to unclose the last opened tag first and then
first opened
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| HTML | XHTML |
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<p>Be <b>bold!</p></b>
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<p>Be <b>bold!</b></p>
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Overlapping is widely tolerated in HTML,though it is illegal. An XHTML document must
be well-formed XML. It should follow the basic XML
syntax. If it fails doing so, There will be no obligation to continue processing of the
document bythe XML parser.XML parser will not try to
recover and "guess" what you meant if the syntax is wrong as HTML parser did.
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Non-empty elements must be closed
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either Explicitly or Implicitly all elements must be closed. Since the <p>
is designed to mark the beginning and end of a paragraph it is a
"non-empty" tag .Thus it must be closed at the end of paragraph
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| HTML | XHTML |
First paragraph<p>
Second paragraph<p>
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<p>First paragraph</p>
<p>Second paragraph</p>
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Affected Elements: <basefont>, <body>, <colgroup>, <dd>, <dt>, <head>, <html>, <li>, <p>, <tbody>/<thead>/<tfoot>, <th>/<td>, <tr>
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Empty elements must be terminated
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There are tags which contains no content within them, when we feel there is no
important role to play by them, then should delete those empty tags. <p> tag
contains a paragraph, and a <b> tag contains text to be bolded, a <br> tag is
"empty" as it never contains any content.Other tags like this are <hr> and
<img src="valid.gif">
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| HTML |
XHTML |
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<hr> |
<hr /> |
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<br> |
<br /> |
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<input ... > |
<input ... /> |
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<param ... > |
<param ... /> |
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<img src="valid.gif"> |
<img src="valid.gif" /> |
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Affected Elements: <area> <base> <br>
<col> <frame><hr><img>
<input><isindex><link><meta>
<option><param>
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All Attribute values must be quoted
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No more <img ... border=0>is allowed type.Attribute values
including numeric values must be quoted
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| HTML | XHTML |
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<img ... border=0>
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<img ... border="0" />
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Attribute value pairs cannot be minimized
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Usually we try to minimize the attribute if it has single value.But XML does not
allow attribute minimization.Single valued or stand-alone attributes in XHTML must be expanded (eg. <td nowrap>text
</td> becomes <td nowrap="nowrap">text</td>). umeric
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| HTML |
XHTML |
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<dl compact> |
<dl compact="compact"> |
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<ul compact> |
<ul compact="compact"> |
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<option ... selected> |
<option ... selected="selected"> > |
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<td nowrap> text </td> |
<td nowrap="nowrap"> text </td> |
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<input type="radio" ... checked> |
<input type="radio" ... checked="checked" /> |
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<input type="checkbox" ... checked> |
<input type="checkbox" ... checked="checked" /> |
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<script> and <style> elements
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The script and style elements in XHTML, are declared as having #PCDATA
content. As a result, < and & will be treated as the start of markup, and entities
such as < and & will be recognized as entity references by the XML processor to < and &
respectively.We can avoid the expansion of these entities by Wrapping the
content of the script or style element within a CDATA marked section.
The string which ends the CDATA section."]]>" is The only delimiter that is recognized in a CDATA.
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| XHTML |
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<script language="JavaScript type="text/javascript">
<![CDATA[
document.write("<b>Hello World!</b>");
]]>
</script>
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Affected Elements: <basefont>, <body>, <colgroup>, <dd>, <dt>, <head>, <html>, <li>, <p>, <tbody>/<thead>/<tfoot>, <th>/<td>, <tr>
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